Shanghai, often referred to as the “Pearl of the Orient,” is not only famous for its stunning skyline, vibrant cultural scene, and historical landmarks but also for its distinctive culinary traditions. As one of China’s largest and most cosmopolitan cities, Shanghai is a melting pot of various regional influences, but the city’s local cuisine – Shanghainese cuisine – stands out for its unique blend of sweet, savory, and umami flavors.

Shanghai’s food culture has been shaped by the city’s long history as a port and trading hub, its diverse population, and its proximity to both the Yangtze River and the East China Sea. Over the centuries, the city has developed a rich culinary heritage that combines traditional Chinese cooking techniques with modern, global influences. In this article, we will explore the most iconic and delicious dishes that define the local food scene in Shanghai, offering a taste of the city’s vibrant culinary identity.

1. Xiaolongbao (小笼包) – Steamed Soup Dumplings

Xiaolongbao, or soup dumplings, are arguably the most famous dish associated with Shanghai and have become a beloved snack not just in China but worldwide. These small, delicate dumplings are filled with a savory, flavorful broth and minced pork, which burst in your mouth with every bite. The name “xiaolongbao” refers to the bamboo baskets (xiao long) used to steam the dumplings, and bao means “bun” in Chinese.

What makes these dumplings stand out is the gelatinized soup that is encased inside the dough. When the dumplings are steamed, the gelatin melts, creating a hot, flavorful broth that mixes with the minced pork filling. To enjoy xiaolongbao, diners must carefully pick up a dumpling using chopsticks, make a small hole in the skin, and sip the soup before eating the rest of the dumpling.

Xiaolongbao is typically served with a dipping sauce made from soy sauce, black vinegar, and thinly sliced ginger, which balances the richness of the soup inside. Though often associated with the famous city of Shanghai, this dish is also popular in other parts of China and beyond. In Shanghai, xiaolongbao can be found in both high-end restaurants and bustling street food stalls, making it an essential part of the city’s culinary identity.

2. Shengjianbao (生煎包) – Pan-Fried Pork Buns

Another beloved type of dumpling from Shanghai is shengjianbao, or pan-fried pork buns. While they may appear similar to xiaolongbao, shengjianbao has a distinct cooking method that results in a crispy, golden-brown bottom while maintaining a soft, pillowy top. These buns are typically filled with a juicy pork filling, which is similar to that of xiaolongbao, but the key difference is that they are pan-fried rather than steamed.

The preparation of shengjianbao is an art form. After the buns are filled with minced pork and seasoned with ginger, garlic, and soy sauce, they are placed in a hot pan and fried until the bottoms are crisp and golden. Then, water is added to the pan, and the buns are steamed until fully cooked. The result is a crunchy exterior with a tender, juicy interior that combines the best of both fried and steamed dumplings.

Shengjianbao is often eaten for breakfast or as a snack and is usually served with a light soy sauce dip. The combination of the crispy skin, juicy filling, and savory flavor makes shengjianbao one of the most popular street foods in Shanghai.

3. Shanghai-Style Braised Pork Belly (红烧肉)

A classic dish in Shanghainese cuisine is hong shao rou, or Shanghai-style braised pork belly. This rich and hearty dish features succulent chunks of pork belly braised in a savory-sweet sauce made from soy sauce, sugar, Shaoxing wine, and a variety of aromatics, such as ginger, garlic, and star anise. The slow braising process allows the flavors to penetrate the meat, making it incredibly tender and flavorful.

What sets Shanghai-style braised pork belly apart from other regional braised pork dishes is the balance of sweet and savory flavors. The sugar used in the sauce gives the dish a slight caramelized sweetness, which contrasts beautifully with the saltiness of the soy sauce. The pork belly becomes melt-in-your-mouth tender, with the fat rendering down into the sauce, adding richness and depth to the dish.

Hong shao rou is typically served with steamed rice, allowing the flavorful sauce to be soaked up by the rice. This dish is a staple of Shanghainese home cooking and is often served during special occasions and family gatherings.

4. Squirrel Fish (松鼠桂鱼)

Squirrel fish, or song shu gui yu (松鼠桂鱼), is a stunning dish that is as visually impressive as it is delicious. It consists of a whole fish, usually mandarin fish, that is deep-fried until golden and crispy, then served with a tangy, sweet-and-sour sauce. The fish is often cut in a way that makes it look like the tail of a squirrel, hence the name of the dish.

The key to making squirrel fish is in the preparation of the fish, which is scored and then deep-fried to ensure a crispy exterior while maintaining a tender, flaky interior. The sauce is a combination of vinegar, sugar, soy sauce, and ketchup, giving it a sweet and tangy flavor profile that complements the delicate taste of the fish. The dish is usually garnished with fresh herbs and vegetables, adding both color and freshness to the plate.

Squirrel fish is considered a specialty of Shanghai and is often served at formal banquets or during festive occasions. Its bright, appealing presentation and balance of flavors make it a memorable dish for those lucky enough to try it.

5. Shanghai Smoked Fish (熏鱼)

Shanghai smoked fish, or xun yu (熏鱼), is a traditional Shanghainese dish that features fish fillets, typically grass carp, that have been smoked and then marinated in a flavorful sauce. The process of smoking imparts a unique, aromatic flavor to the fish, while the marinating step ensures that the fish absorbs a savory-sweet sauce made from soy sauce, sugar, rice wine, and spices.

The fish is usually served cold as an appetizer or snack, and it is typically accompanied by fresh herbs or sliced vegetables. The combination of the smoky flavor and the sweet, savory marinade makes Shanghai smoked fish a distinctive and memorable dish.

Although the dish’s origins can be traced back to the city’s ancient food preservation methods, it remains a popular choice among locals and visitors alike. It is often served at celebratory meals or as a treat during special occasions.

6. Shanghai-Style Dumplings with Crab (蟹壳黄)

Shanghai is famous for its crab, and one of the best ways to enjoy this fresh seafood is through a dish called xie ke huang (蟹壳黄), or Shanghai-style dumplings with crab. These dumplings are made with a filling of crab meat and roe, combined with ground pork, ginger, and seasonings, and then wrapped in a delicate dough. They are then steamed to perfection, allowing the flavors to meld together.

What makes Shanghai-style crab dumplings so special is the rich, briny taste of the crab, which pairs beautifully with the pork and other ingredients. The dumplings are often served with a dipping sauce made from soy sauce and vinegar, and they are a popular choice for special meals or celebrations.

7. Lion’s Head Meatballs (狮子头)

Another iconic dish from Shanghai is shi zi tou (狮子头), or lion’s head meatballs. This dish consists of large, tender meatballs made from ground pork, sometimes mixed with water chestnuts for added texture, that are braised in a flavorful broth. The meatballs are typically served with vegetables like bok choy or napa cabbage, which absorb the savory broth during the braising process.

The name “lion’s head” comes from the size and shape of the meatballs, which are said to resemble the head of a lion. This dish is known for its delicate, tender texture and rich, umami flavor. It is often served during Chinese New Year and other special occasions, symbolizing good fortune and prosperity.

Conclusion

Shanghai’s culinary heritage is a fascinating blend of traditional flavors, local ingredients, and centuries-old cooking techniques. The city’s signature dishes, from the iconic xiaolongbao and shengjianbao to the savory braised pork belly and delicate crab dumplings, reflect the diverse influences that have shaped its food culture. Each dish tells a story of Shanghai’s rich history, cultural exchange, and innovation, making the city a true paradise for food lovers.

Whether you’re dining in a high-end restaurant or exploring the bustling street food scene, the food of Shanghai is a must-try for anyone interested in experiencing the flavors of China. With its balance of sweet, savory, and spicy tastes, Shanghai cuisine offers something for every palate, and it’s a culinary journey you won’t want to miss. So, next time you’re in the city, be sure to indulge in these delicious, signature dishes for a true taste of Shanghai.